Court of Appeal of Brussels - 2022/AR/953: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 10:43, 15 January 2024

Hof van Beroep - 2022/1527

Court:	Court of Appeal of Brussels (Belgium)
Jurisdiction:	Belgium
Relevant Law:	Article 4(11) GDPR Article 6(1)(a) GDPR Article 7(1) GDPR Article 7(3) GDPR Article 12(1) GDPR Article 13 GDPR Article 14 GDPR Article 63(1) LCA
Decided:	22.02.2023
Published:
Parties:	SA Rossel et Cie
National Case Number/Name:	2022/1527
European Case Law Identifier:
Appeal from:	APD/GBA (Belgium) 103/2023
Appeal to:
Original Language(s):	French
Original Source:	GBA (in French)
Initial Contributor:	kv33

The Belgian Market Court annulled a decision of the Belgian DPA. The investigation had been opened based on an administrative act that did not comply with the legal requirements.

English Summary

Facts

This ruling is the result by an appeal of Rossel & Cie, a large media company (controller), which was fined €50.000 by the Belgian DPA after an investigation on their cookies practices (see here for the DPA decision and here for the GDPRhub summary).

The Belgian law empowers the board management of the DPA to issue a referral in order to open an ex officio investigation (Article 63(1) of the Law establishing the Belgian DPA). This referral needs to indicate that there are "serious indications'' of a practice that could give rise to an infringement of the fundamental principles of personal data protection''.

In this case, the board management issued a referral on 16 January 2019 without mentioning any reference to ''serious indications'' of potential infringements, or any evidence for that matter. The investigation was however considered open on that date. On 7 March 2019, an handwritten note was drawn up by the investigation service (so, not by the management board (!)) containing several reasons for starting the investigation, among others the high amount of visitors of the controller's websites.

On 16 June 2022, the DPA issued decision 103/2022, fining the controller for several GDPR related violations. The controller appealed this decision at the Market Court in Brussels, stating that the DPA's board management referral did not indicate the reasons to investigate. It was thus irregular, and implied that the investigation service was irregularly seized. As a result, the DPA decision was also invalid.

Holding

The court confirmed that the management board had issued the referral to investigate the controller on 16 January 2019. The referral constituted the only administrative act leading up to decision 103/2022. The internal note of the investigation service of 7 March 2019 could not be considered as (a part of) the referral, and was therefore not an administrative act.

The court then assessed if ''the referral'' was compliant with the requirement of motivation of administrative acts. Specifically, this motivation requirement would obligate the DPA to properly explain the presence of ''serious evidence'', pursuant to Article 63(1) LCA. The court concluded that the referral itself did in contain any specific arguments for the existence of ''serious evidence''.

The court stated that this irregularity of the referral led to the irregularity of decision 103/2022. It therefore annulled the DPA decision and ordered the DPA to pay the costs of the proceedings.

Comment

The court highligted several paragraphs of decision 103/2022 in which the DPA incorrectly stated that the referral contained the reasons for starting the investigation. These were in particular paragraphs 63, 65, 69 and 71.

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English Machine Translation of the Decision

The decision below is a machine translation of the French original. Please refer to the French original for more details.

Brussels Court of Appeal -2022/AR/953 -p. 2





IN QUESTION:

SA Rossel et Cie (hereafter “Rosse!”), BCE 0403.537.816, whose registered office is located at
1000 Brussels, rue Royale 100,

Requesting Party,


Having as counsel Me Etienne Wéry, lawyer, whose firm is established in [...].

AGAINST:

The Data Protection Authority (hereinafter the "DPA"), BCE0694.679.950, located at 1000
Brussels, rue de laPresse35,


Opposing party

With the advice of My Evrard de Lophem, Grégoire Ryelandt and Clara Delbruyère,
lawyers, whose practice is established [...].

Having regard to the procedural documents and in particular





           the decision rendered by the Litigation Chamber of the Authority for the Protection of
           Data, June 16, 2022 (decision number: 103/2022, file number:
           DOS-2020-02998);


           Rosse's request! filed on July 13, 2022;

       -
           The schedule recorded at the introductory hearing of July 27, 2022;

                           °
           the conclusions n l of Rosse! filed November 30, 2022;


           the summary conclusions of the APD submitted on January 16, 2023;


              the records of exhibits filed by the parties;


Heard the advice of the parties Rossel and APD at the public hearing of January 25, 2023.




             rPAGE 01-00003160840-0 □□2- □□42- □1- □1-� 


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 }}
-The Belgian Market Court annulled a decision of the Belgian DPA, which had fined a large media company €50,000 for multiple GDPR violations regarding cookies. This DPA decision was annulled by the court for lack of motivation.
+The Belgian Market Court annulled a decision of the Belgian DPA. The investigation had been opened based on an administrative act that did not comply with the legal requirements.
 == English Summary ==
 === Facts ===
-This ruling is the result by an appeal of Rossel & Cie, a large media company (controller), which was fined €50.000 by the Belgian DPA. For the DPA decision, see [https://www.gegevensbeschermingsautoriteit.be/publications/arrest-van-22-februari-2023-van-het-marktenhof-ar-953-beschikbaar-in-het-frans.pdf here] (in French) and this link to a [[APD/GBA (Belgium) - 103/2022|detailed summary on GDPRHub]].
+This ruling is the result by an appeal of Rossel & Cie, a large media company (controller), which was fined €50.000 by the Belgian DPA after an investigation on their cookies practices (see [https://www.gegevensbeschermingsautoriteit.be/publications/arrest-van-22-februari-2023-van-het-marktenhof-ar-953-beschikbaar-in-het-frans.pdf here] for the DPA decision and [[APD/GBA (Belgium) - 103/2021|here]] for the GDPRhub summary).
-The decision by the Belgian DPA was the result of a sector wide investigation started on 16 January 2019 by the Belgian DPA regarding the placement of cookies on Belgian media websites.
+The Belgian law empowers the board management of the DPA to issue a referral in order to open an ''ex officio'' investigation (Article 63(1) of the Law establishing the Belgian DPA). This referral needs to indicate that there are "''serious indications<nowiki>''</nowiki> of a practice that could give rise to an infringement of the fundamental principles of personal data protection''<nowiki>''</nowiki>.
-To open an investigation, under Belgian law, it is necessary to have a referral from the management board to the investigation (Article 63(1) of the Law establishing the Belgian DPA). Article 63(1) LCA allowed the management board to enquire the investigation service to start an investigation when there were "serious indications<nowiki>'' of a practice that could give rise to an infringement of the fundamental principles of personal data protection''". In this case, the referral itself did not contain any reference to ''serious indications''</nowiki> of potential infringements, or any evidence for that matter.
+In this case, the board management issued a referral on 16 January 2019 without mentioning any reference to <nowiki>''serious indications''</nowiki> of potential infringements, or any evidence for that matter. The investigation was however considered open on that date. On 7 March 2019, an handwritten note was drawn up by the investigation service (so, not by the management board (!)) containing several reasons for starting the investigation, among others the high amount of visitors of the controller's websites.
-On 7 March 2019, an handwritten note was drawn up by the investigation service (so, not by the management board (!)) This note contained several reasons for starting the investigation, among others the high amount of visitors of the controller's websites.
+On 16 June 2022, the DPA issued decision 103/2022, fining the controller for several GDPR related violations. The controller appealed this decision at the Market Court in Brussels, stating that the DPA's board management referral did not indicate the reasons to investigate. It was thus irregular, and implied that the investigation service was irregularly seized. As a result, the DPA decision was also invalid.
-On 16 June 2022, the DPA issued decision 103/2022 in which it determined that the controller had committed seven GDPR related violations. In particular, the controller violated [[Article 6 GDPR|Article 6(1)(a) GDPR]] by placing unnecessary cookies on its website without asking for consent first and [[Article 4 GDPR|Articles 4(11)]], [[Article 6 GDPR|6(1)(a)]] and [[Article 7 GDPR|7(1) GDPR]] for the collection of consent using the so called "''further browsing''" technique. This meant that data subjects would automatically consent to receive cookies if they chose to further browse the controller’s website. In the decision, the DPA explicitly stated that ''the referral'' itself contained several elements which justified the existence of serious evidence "<u>within the meaning of Article 63(1) of the LCA</u>."
-The controller appealed decision 103/2022 at the Market Court in Brussels. Among other grounds of appeal, the controller stated that the initial referral of the DPA’s management committee to its inspection service did not indicate the reasons to investigate and was thus irregular. As a result, the DPA decision was also invalid.
 ===Holding===
-The court confirmed that the management board had taken the decision <nowiki>''(the referral'') to investigate the controller on 16 January 2019. ''The referral'' constituted the only administrative act leading up to decision 103/2022. The internal note of the investigation service of 7 March 2019 could not be seen as (a part of) ''the referral''</nowiki>, and was therefore not an administrative act.
+The court confirmed that the management board had issued the referral to investigate the controller on 16 January 2019. The referral constituted the only administrative act leading up to decision 103/2022. The internal note of the investigation service of 7 March 2019 could not be considered as (a part of) the referral, and was therefore not an administrative act.
-The court stated that under Belgian law (Article 3 of the law of 29 July 1991), the motivation for administrative acts had to include the factual and legal considerations for taking the decision. This obligation to motivate an administrative act had to ensure that any defendant was able to defend itself against a decision.
-The court went on to assess if <nowiki>''</nowiki>the referral<nowiki>''</nowiki> was compliant with this motivation requirement. Specifically, this motivation requirement would obligate the DPA to properly explain the presence of '<nowiki>&lt;nowiki/&gt;</nowiki><nowiki>''</nowiki>serious evidence<nowiki>'''</nowiki>, pursuant to Article 63(1) LCA. The court concluded that <nowiki>''</nowiki>the referral<nowiki>''</nowiki> itself did in contain any specific arguments for the existence of "<nowiki>''</nowiki>serious evidence<nowiki>''</nowiki>". Therefore, the DPA had failed to properly motivate its reasons for <nowiki>''</nowiki>the referral<nowiki>''</nowiki>.
+The court then assessed if <nowiki>''</nowiki>the referral<nowiki>''</nowiki> was compliant with the requirement of motivation of administrative acts. Specifically, this motivation requirement would obligate the DPA to properly explain the presence of <nowiki>''</nowiki>serious evidence<nowiki>''</nowiki>, pursuant to Article 63(1) LCA. The court concluded that the referral itself did in contain any specific arguments for the existence of <nowiki>''</nowiki>serious evidence<nowiki>''</nowiki>.
-The court stated that this failure to motivate <nowiki>''</nowiki>the referral<nowiki>''</nowiki> had consequences on the legality of decision 103/2022. In this decision, the DPA had incorrectly stated that <nowiki>''</nowiki>the referral<nowiki>''</nowiki> contained several elements which justified the existence of serious evidence "<nowiki><u>within the meaning of Article 63(1) of the LCA</u></nowiki>. This was in fact not the case. Therefore, the contested decision was factually incorrect and had to be annulled according to the court. The DPA was also ordered to pay the costs of the proceedings (€1,800) and a registration fee (€400).
+The court stated that this irregularity of the referral led to the irregularity of decision 103/2022. It therefore annulled the DPA decision and ordered the DPA to pay the costs of the proceedings.
 ==Comment ==
 The court highligted several paragraphs of decision 103/2022 in which the DPA incorrectly stated that the referral contained the reasons for starting the investigation. These were in particular paragraphs 63, 65, 69 and 71.