GHAL - 200.278.124/01
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| Hof Arnhem-Leeuwarden - 200.278.124/01 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Court: | Hof Arnhem-Leeuwarden (Netherlands) |
| Jurisdiction: | Netherlands |
| Relevant Law: | Article 5(1)(c) GDPR Article 6(1)(f) GDPR Article 6(1)(c) GDPR Article 79 GDPR Articles 4:32(1) and 4:34 of the Financial Supervision Act (Wet op het financieel toezicht) |
| Decided: | 17.12.2020 |
| Published: | 22.01.2021 |
| Parties: | |
| National Case Number/Name: | 200.278.124/01 |
| European Case Law Identifier: | ECLI:NL:GHARL:2020:10564 |
| Appeal from: | |
| Appeal to: | Unknown |
| Original Language(s): | Dutch |
| Original Source: | De Rechtspraak (in Dutch) |
| Initial Contributor: | n/a |
The Arnhem-Leeuwarden Court of Appeal upheld its earlier decision: credit registration of the appellants is done under the GDPR legal basis of legal obligation and not legitimate interest. Therefore, their credit records cannot be removed from the Central Credit Information System (CKI). The court has also ruled that the risk of legal process costs is not in the way of the right to an effective judicial remedy guaranteed by article 79 GDPR.
English Summary
Facts
In 2011 Rabobank loaned 70K EUR to the appellants with a monthly payment of 700 EUR. At that time one of the appellants had a well-paid job, which he lost in 2013 and he hadn't been able to find another job after that. Financial problem followed, and the appellants ended up selling their house and taking an additional loan from their son to settle the debt payment scheme with the mortgage company and Rabobank. As a result of the above, Rabobank made a record about the appellants' situation in the CKI in 2018; the registration is schedules to be removed in 2023. In 2019 the appellants sent a letter to Rabobank requesting it to remove the registration, based on GDPR Articles 16 and 17 in combination with articles 21 and 6. Rabobank rejected the request and this decision was upheld by the Court. Appellants are challenging this decision of the Court.
Dispute
Should Rabobank remove the appellants' credit registrations from the CKI register?
Holding
Regarding the legal basis of processing, the Court ruled that the applicable legal basis in this case is legal obligation under articles 4:32(1) and 4:34 of the Financial Supervision Act (Wet op het financieel toezicht). The Court pointed to the extensive considerations given to this matter by the Court of Appeal of 's-Hertogenbosch in a similar case. This means that the appellants cannot exercise their rights to erasure (Article 17 GDPR) and objection to processing (Article 21 GDPR), so appeal based on these articles was dismissed. When deciding on the necessity and proportionality of keeping the CKI record, the Court considered the following: 1) The appellants themselves admitted that they were hindered by the registration, they were not in a distressing situation as a result of the registration; 2) One of the appellants has enjoyed good income for a long time, but that income did not protect him from a difficult financial situation; 3) The appellants have not sufficiently demonstrated that they have done everything in their power to pay their debts; 4) Rabobank has repeatedly iterated during the hearing that it will give favorable consideration to a request for the termination of the registration if the CKI registration prevents the appellants from finding a new rental home; 5) The rectification request made by appellants in addition to other requests, cannot be granted because they have not made it clear that the data concerning them are incorrect.
The Arnhem-Leeuwarden Court of Appeal upheld its earlier decision: credit registration of the appellants is done under the GDPR legal basis of legal obligation and not legitimate interest. Therefore, their credit records cannot be removed from the Central Credit Information System (CKI). The court has also ruled that the risk of legal process costs is not in the way of the right to an effective judicial remedy guaranteed by article 79 GDPR.
Comment
This is the decision the Court is referring to when asserting that the legal basis of making credit record is legal obligation and not legitimate interest:
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English Machine Translation of the Decision
The decision below is a machine translation of the Dutch original. Please refer to the Dutch original for more details.
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Verzoek om verwijdering gegevens uit BKR-register afgewezen. Ook artikel 6 lid 1 onder c AVG vormt grondslag voor BKR-registratie. Het risico op een proceskostenveroordeling staat niet in de weg aan het door artikel 79 AVG gewaarborgde recht op een doeltreffende voorziening in rechte.</para></inhoudsindicatie>" /><meta property="dcterms:created" content="2020-12-17" datatype="xsd:date" /><link rel="dcterms:subject" href="http://psi.rechtspraak.nl/rechtsgebied#civielRecht" title="Civil rights" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://uitspraken.rechtspraak.nl/inziendocument?id=ECLI:NL:GHARL:2020:10564" /></head><body><div class="rs-wrapper"><div class="rs-header"><div class="container"><div class="rs-logo"> <a href="https://www.rechtspraak.nl" title="Homepage Rechtspraak.nl"><img class="ms-siteicon-img" src="/SharedWebResources.axd?images/logo_2016.png" alt="Logo of the judiciary" /></a> <!-- <img src="data:image/svg+xml, %3Csvg version%3D%221.1%22 id%3D%22logo%22 xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22 xmlns%3Axlink%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1999%2Fxlink%22 x%3D%220px%22 y%3D%220px%22 viewBox%3D%220 0 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</div --><div class="toolbar"></div><!-- END HEADER --><div class="rs-main-contentarea" id="mainContent" data-target=".rs-main-contentarea"> <a class="rnl-button rnl-pagefeedbackform-button no-print" onclick="navigaToFeedbackForm();" href="javascript:undefined"><span>Feedback</span></a> <div class="rnl-content rnl-content-main"><div class="rnl-header-image-container"><div class="rnl-image-gradient"></div><img src="/SharedWebResources.axd?images/uitspraken-header-image-comp.jpg" alt="" /></div><div class="container"><div class="page-header rnl-page-header rnl-page-header-image"><div class="row"><div id="header" class="col-md-8"><h1> Pronunciations </h1></div></div><!--/.row --></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-md-12"><div class="rs-panel zoektermen-wrapper"><div class="rs-panel-heading no-print"><h2> <a class="rs-accordion-title" data-toggle="collapse" href="#zoektermen" role="button" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="zoektermen">Search terms found<span class="rs-collapse-icon-down"></span></a></h2></div><div class="row"><div class="col-md-12"> <label for="showhighlights" id="showhighlightslabel" class="label-highlights pull-left highlights-background"><input type="checkbox" id="showhighlights" name="showhighlights" checked><span id="markeringen-toggle-tekst">Turn markers off</span></label> </div></div><div class="collapse in rs-panel-body gevondenZoektermen no-print" id="zoektermen"><!-- --></div></div></div></div><div class="row opnieuw-zoeken-buttons"><div class="col-md-4"> <a href="/" class="rs-btn rs-btn-secondary search-btn-uitspraken" onclick="javascript:_paq.push(['trackEvent','uitspraken-pagina', 'button', 'opnieuw-zoeken']);">Search again</a></div><div class="col-md-4"> <a href="javascript:_paq.push(['trackEvent','uitspraken-pagina', 'button', 'terug-naar-resultaten']);history.back();" class="rs-btn rs-btn-primary search-btn-uitspraken">Back to the results</a></div></div><div class="row nieuwe-zoekopdracht-button"><div class="col-md-4"> <a href="/" class="rs-btn rs-btn-primary search-btn-uitspraken">New search</a> </div></div><div id="alert-region"><!-- --></div><div class="row"><div id="content" class="col-md-12"><div id="Main" class="rs-panel"><div class="rs-panel-heading rs-heading-inline"><h1 id="ZoekresultaatTekst" class="structural"> Search result - view document</h1><h2 class="left"> ECLI: NL: GHARL: 2020: 10564</h2><div class="btn-group rs-share rs-hide-mobile no-print"> <button class="rs-btn-secondary rs-btn dropdown-toggle" type="button" id="dropdownMenu1" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true">Share pronunciation<span class="tri-down"></span></button><ul class="dropdown-menu rs-dropdown" aria-labelledby="dropdownMenu1"><li> <a href="javascript:window.print()" id="linkToPrint" class="printUitspraak" title="Print the document" onclick="javascript:_paq.push(['trackEvent','uitspraken-pagina', 'button', 'printen']);"><span>Print</span></a></li><li> <a class="pdfUitspraak no-print" href="/InzienDocument/GetPdf?ecli=ECLI%3ANL%3AGHARL%3A2020%3A10564" onclick="javascript:_paq.push(['trackEvent','uitspraken-pagina', 'button', 'download-pdf']);">Save as PDF</a></li><li> <a href="javascript:undefined" id="copyUitspraak" class="no-print" data-clipboard-text="http://deeplink.rechtspraak.nl/uitspraak?id=ECLI:NL:GHARL:2020:10564" title="Copy link to statement" onclick="javascript:_paq.push(['trackEvent','uitspraken-pagina', 'button', 'kopieer']);"><span>Copy link</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="rs-copied-to-clipboard" id="clipboardInfo" style="display: none;"> Link copied to clipboard</div></div><div class="rs-panel-body"><dl class="dl-horizontal"><dt> Authority</dt><dd> <span>Arnhem-Leeuwarden Court of Appeal</span></dd><dt> Date of judgment</dt><dd> 17-12-2020</dd><dt> Date of publication</dt><dd> 22-12-2020</dd><dt> Case number</dt><dd> <span>200.278.124/01</span><br /></dd><dt> Jurisdictions</dt><dd> <span>Civil rights</span><br /></dd><dt> Special characteristics</dt><dd> <span>Appeal</span><br /></dd><dt> Content indication</dt><dd><div class="inhoudsindicatie"><p> AVG. Request for deletion of data from BKR register rejected. Article 6 paragraph 1 under c GDPR also forms the basis for BKR registration. The risk of an order for costs does not preclude the right to an effective judicial remedy guaranteed by Article 79 GDPR.</p></div></dd><dt> Locations</dt><dd> <span>Rechtspraak.nl</span><br /></dd><dt class="no-print"></dt><dd class="no-print"> <a href="https://linkeddata.overheid.nl/document/ECLI:NL:GHARL:2020:10564" id="linkToKoop" class="koopUitspraak" title="Enriched pronunciation"><span class="no-print">Enriched pronunciation</span></a></dd></dl><div class="btn-group rs-share rs-hide-desktop no-print"> <button class="rs-btn-secondary rs-btn dropdown-toggle" type="button" id="dropdownMenu1" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true">Share pronunciation<span class="tri-down"></span></button><ul class="dropdown-menu rs-dropdown" aria-labelledby="dropdownMenu1"><li> <a href="javascript:printUitspraak()" id="linkToPrint" class="printUitspraak" title="Print the document" onclick="javascript:_paq.push(['trackEvent','uitspraken-pagina', 'button', 'printen']);"><span>Print</span></a></li><li> <a class="pdfUitspraak no-print" href="/InzienDocument/GetPdf?ecli=ECLI%3ANL%3AGHARL%3A2020%3A10564" onclick="javascript:_paq.push(['trackEvent','uitspraken-pagina', 'button', 'download-pdf']);">Save as PDF</a></li><li> <a href="javascript:undefined" id="copyUitspraak" class="no-print" data-clipboard-text="http://deeplink.rechtspraak.nl/uitspraak?id=ECLI:NL:GHARL:2020:10564" title="Copy link to statement" onclick="javascript:_paq.push(['trackEvent','uitspraken-pagina', 'button', 'kopieer']);"><span>Copy link</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="uitspraakH3"><h3> Statement</h3></div><div><div class="uitspraak"><div class="uitspraak-info"><div class="parablock"><p> <span class="emphasis" style="font-weight:bold;">COURT OF COURT ARNHEM-LEEUWARDEN</span></p></div><span class="linebreak1"> </span><div class="parablock"><p>location Leeuwarden</p></div><span class="linebreak1"> </span><div class="parablock"><p>civil law department, trade</p></div><span class="linebreak1"> </span><div class="parablock"><p>court case number 200.278.124/01</p><p> (case number North Netherlands court C / 17/169522)</p></div><span class="linebreak2"> </span><div class="parablock"><p><span class="emphasis" style="font-weight:bold;">decision of 17 December 2020</span></p></div><span class="linebreak1"> </span><div class="parablock"><p>in the case of</p></div><span class="linebreak1"> </span></div><div class="section"><h2><span class="nr">1</span> [applicant],<br /> residing in [A],<br /> hereinafter: [applicant],<br /> and<br /> 2. [applicant],<br /> residing in [A],<br /> hereinafter: [applicant],<br /> applicants on appeal, including applicants in the provisional application,<br /> at first instance: applicants,<br /> hereinafter jointly: [applicants] et al.,<br /> lawyer mr. KJ Zomer in Oosterhout,</h2><span class="linebreak1"> </span><div class="parablock"><p>against</p></div><span class="linebreak1"> </span><div class="parablock"><p>the cooperative <span class="emphasis" style="font-weight:bold;">COOPERATIVE RABOBANK UA</span> ,<br /> established in Utrecht,<br /> respondent on appeal, also respondent in the provisional request,<br /> at first instance: defendant,<br /> hereinafter: <span class="emphasis" style="font-weight:bold;">Rabobank</span> ,<br /> lawyer mr. PW van Kooij in Leiden.</p></div><span class="linebreak1"> </span></div><div class="section"><h2><span class="nr">1</span><br /> 1. The proceedings in court</h2><span class="linebreak1"> </span><div class="parablock"><p>The course of the proceedings before the court is evident from the order of the Northern Netherlands court, private law department, location Leeuwarden of 19 February 2020.</p></div><span class="linebreak1"> </span></div><div class="section"><h2><span class="nr">2</span><br /> 2. The proceedings at court</h2><span class="linebreak1"> </span><div class="paragroup"><span class="nr">2.1</span><p> The course of the proceedings at the court is apparent from:<br /> - the notice of appeal of [petitioners] cs (with appendices) of 28 April 2020 (received<br /> at court on April 30, 2020);<br /> - Rabobank's statement of defense dated 29 July 2020 (received on that date by<br /> the court);<br /> - the deed submitting appendices of [applicants] et al;<br /> - the official report of the oral hearing of November 18, 2020.<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p></div><div class="paragroup"><span class="nr">2.2</span><p> The court has set a date for the decision.<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p></div><div class="paragroup"><span class="nr">2.3</span><p> [Applicants] et al. request the Court of Appeal to quash the decision of the District Court and to grant their original request. That request means that Rabobank is sentenced, under the imposition of a penalty, to remove the special coding (s) in the Central Credit Information System (hereinafter: the CKI) at the Credit Registration Office (hereinafter: BKR) from [applicants] et al. and keep it away. [Applicants] et al. also claim that Rabobank be ordered to pay the costs of the proceedings before the District Court and the Court of Appeal.<br /> They also request the Court of Appeal to submit preliminary questions to the Supreme Court and - that is the provisional request - during the period that the Court of Appeal cannot yet make a final decision pending the answers to those questions by the Supreme Court to order Rabobank to use the coding by passing.<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p></div></div><div class="section"><h2><span class="nr">3</span><br /> 3. What is this case about?</h2><span class="linebreak1"> </span><div class="paragroup"><span class="nr">3.1</span><p> These proceedings concern the question of whether Rabobank should delete the credit registrations it has carried out about [applicants] et al. In the BKR register. The background to the dispute between the parties on this question is the following.<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p></div><div class="paragroup"><span class="nr">3.2</span><p> In 2011, Rabobank provided consumer credit to [applicants] et al<br /> € 70,000, on which [applicants] et al had to repay € 700 per month. In the same year, Aegon Hypotheken BV (hereinafter: Aegon) provided a mortgage loan of approximately € 1,100,000 in connection with the purchase and renovation of a home in [A]. This house, a former farm, came from the estate of the late parents of [applicant].<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p></div><div class="paragroup"><span class="nr">3.3</span><p> Since 1999, [applicant] has been a statutory director of an internationally operating office supplies company. His employment contract was terminated on August 1, 2013. [Applicant], who was 58 years old at the time, had (including bonuses) an income of approximately € 350,000 gross per year. A gross compensation of € 200,000 was paid to [applicant] upon termination.<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p></div><div class="paragroup"><span class="nr">3.4</span><p> [applicant] has not been able to find another job. He received unemployment benefit that was considerably lower than his last salary. As of 1 October 2016, [applicant] received an IOAW benefit. [applicant] had no income of her own.<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p></div><div class="paragroup"><span class="nr">3.5</span><p> In January 2018, Aegon sold the home of [applicants] et al for € 650,000 using a power of attorney issued by [applicants] et al. After buying off a savings account pledged to Aegon, a debt to Aegon of more than € 250,000 remained. The debt of [petitioners] et al to Rabobank then amounted to more than € 71,000.<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p></div><div class="paragroup"><span class="nr">3.6</span><p> [Applicants] et al have turned to Bureau Benedictus for debt counseling. That office has established that the total indebtedness of [applicants] et al (including the claims of Aegon and Rabobank) amounted to more than € 387,000. On 13 June 2018 Bureau Benedictus proposed to the unsecured creditors on 13 June 2018 a payment of 9.07% of their outstanding claims against final discharge. The amount that was available to the creditors came from the surrender of an insurance policy and (for an amount of € 10,757) from a son of [applicants] et al. According to the explanation of the debt settlement, the creditors would be more would then receive in the (fictitious) situation that [applicants] et al would end up in the WSNP and would then have an income from work of € 2,700 per month.<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p></div><div class="paragroup"><span class="nr">3.7</span><p> Rabobank has accepted the proposal, the other creditors also with the exception of Aegon. Subsequently, at the request of [Applicants] et al. By order of 18 September 2018, the Northern Netherlands District Court ordered Aegon to agree with the offered debt settlement (cf. Article 287a Bankruptcy Act). In this decision, the court considered, among other things, that [petitioners] et al. Argued that the pension of [applicant] will only start on 1 January 2023 and that by that time the regular term of a possible WSNP has long expired.<br /> Aegon has appealed against the court order<br /> Withdrawn November 23, 2018.<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p></div><div class="paragroup"><span class="nr">3.8</span><p> In December 2018, [petitioner] his pension fund requested him to take effect<br /> 1 January 2019 to grant early retirement. As of January 1, 2019, [applicant] will receive an (early) pension payment of more than € 4,150 net per month.<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p></div><div class="paragroup"><span class="nr">3.9</span><p> [Applicants] et al. have repaid € 5,567 of the amount paid by their son for the debt settlement. The remaining amount of € 5,000 has been waived by their son.<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p></div><div class="paragroup"><span class="nr">3.10</span><p> As of 9 June 2018, [Applicants] et al. rent a former rectory of the Reformed Church of [A] for a period of five years for an amount of € 700 per month. A permit has been granted on the basis of Article 15 of the Vacancy Act for the rental of the presbytery.<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p></div><div class="paragroup"><span class="nr">3.11</span><p> Rabobank has had a number of special codes concerning [applicants] et al registered in the CKI about the aforementioned consumer credit and about a payment account of [applicants] et al. These are so-called A, 2 and 3 codes, indicating that a backlog on the claim arose, this arrears was subsequently claimed and an amount of € 250 or more was finally deducted from the claim. The last coding dates from September 18, 2018. In both cases it is stated that the contract (and thus the registration) will be deleted in September 2023, if no changes are made.<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p></div><div class="paragroup"><span class="nr">3.12</span><p> As a result of the arrears and the write-off on its claim from the mortgage loan and the residual mortgage debt, Aegon has also registered special codes in the CKI with the end dates May and September 2023.<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p></div><div class="paragroup"><span class="nr">3.13</span><p> In letters dated 22 August 2019, CoderingVrij requested Rabobank and Aegon on behalf of [petitioners] et al to remove the registrations. [Applicants] et al. Based this request on Article 16 and Article 17 in combination with Articles 21 and 6 GDPR. Moreover, according to the letter, registration is contrary to the principles of proportionality and subsidiarity. Both Rabobank and Aegon have rejected this request in writing.<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p></div><div class="paragroup"><span class="nr">3.14</span><p> [Applicants] et al. subsequently requested the court to order Rabobank and Aegon Levensverzekering NV (subject to the imposition of a penalty) to remove and keep the special codes removed within 48 hours after the court order was served. After [Applicants] et al. Had withdrawn the request against Aegon Levensverzekering NV for formal reasons, the court rejected the request against Rabobank.<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p></div></div><div class="section overwegingen"><h2><span class="nr">4</span><br /> 4 The assessment of the dispute</h2><span class="linebreak1"> </span><div class="parablock"><p><span class="emphasis" style="font-style:italic;">Introductory Notes</span><br /> 4.1 [Applicants] et al. Have eight grounds of appeal - which they call grievances, in which terminology the Court of Appeal will follow them - directed against the decision of the District Court. With these complaints, [applicants] et al submit the full extent of the dispute between the parties to the court of appeal. The court will deal with the points in dispute and in that context also discuss the grievances. This means that it is not indicated per complaint whether and to what extent the complaint succeeds or fails.</p></div><span class="linebreak1"> </span><div class="paragroup"><span class="nr">4.2</span><p> [Applicants] et al. point out (in ground of appeal 1) that the District Court failed to state certain facts that they consider relevant. They fail to recognize that there is no legal rule that obliges the court to state all facts stated by one party and acknowledged or not disputed by the other party as established in the judgment. The court is free to make any selection from the facts established between the parties that it considers relevant for the assessment of the dispute.<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p></div><div class="paragroup"><span class="nr">4.3</span><p> The court of appeal also made a selection of the facts relevant to the assessment of the dispute. When discussing the dispute between the parties, the court of appeal will proceed on the basis of the aforementioned facts. If the court bases its decision on a specific point of dispute on other facts, the court will state those facts at that point of dispute.<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p><div class="parablock"><p><span class="emphasis" style="font-style:italic;">Basis of the processing in the CKI</span></p></div></div><div class="paragroup"> <span class="nr">4.4</span><p> First of all, the parties disagree on the basis of the processing of personal data - in this case, data on finances entered into - in the CKI. Article 6 paragraph 1 of the GDPR stipulates that the processing of personal data is only lawful if and insofar as at least one of the grounds (“conditions”) for processing stated in that paragraph applies. [Applicants] et al argue that in this case this basis can (only) be Article 6 paragraph 1 under f GDPR. According to Rabobank, Article 6 paragraph 1 under c is (also) the basis for registration in the CKI.<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p></div><div class="paragroup"><span class="nr">4.5</span><p> In an earlier judgment <a class="noteref" href="#_1b50e1b2-acc4-4d39-855a-fee1a2349378" title="Arnhem-Leeuwarden Court 3 December 2019, ECLI: NL: GHARL: 2019: 10345.">1</a> , this Court of Appeal held that and why the registration of credit data in the CKI takes place on the basis of a legal obligation, as referred to in Article 6 paragraph 1 under c GDPR, namely on the basis of Articles 4:32 paragraph 1 and 4:34 Financial Supervision Act (Wft). The Den Bosch Court of Appeal reached the same conclusion in an elaborately motivated decision <a class="noteref" href="#_97c17f6f-9357-4e8d-9afb-2143bdf66262" title="Hof Den Bosch 6 August 2020, ECLI: NL: GHSHE: 2020: 2536.">2</a> . In this decision, the person concerned was assisted by a colleague of the lawyer of [applicants] et al. The arguments now put forward by [applicants] et al in support of the assertion of [applicant] that Article 6 (1) (c) of the GDPR cannot be the basis for the registration of the credit data on [petitioners] cs in the CKI was taken into account by the Den Bosch court of appeal. The court therefore sees no reason to discuss those arguments again. That would amount to a repetition, or summary, of the extensive considerations of the Den Bosch court. The Court of Appeal agrees with what it itself in the said judgment and with what the Den Bosch Court of Appeal considered and decided in the said decision about the basis of the processing of personal data and adopts those considerations here.<br /> The fact that the Court of Appeal of The Hague in a recent decision <a class="noteref" href="#_aafb3a8a-54e2-46dd-a656-8b56e4258d52" title="Court of The Hague 8 September 2020, ECLI: NL: GHDHA: 2020: 1569.">3</a> cited by [Applicants] et al. Reaches a different judgment does not alter this. In the decision of the Court of Appeal of The Hague, no (recognizable) attention is paid to the arguments, in the opinion of the Court of Appeal, on which the Court of Appeal of Den Bosch bases the conclusion in its decision that the registration of credit data in the CKI does take place on based on a legal obligation as referred to in Article 6 paragraph 1 letter c GDPR.<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p></div><div class="paragroup"><span class="nr">4.6</span><p> If the processing of personal data, as here, is based on a legal obligation, the data subject cannot invoke the right to erasure laid down in Article 17 of the GDPR (cf. Article 17, paragraph 3, letter b of the GDPR). In that case, the data subject does not have the right of objection as referred to in Article 21 GDPR, because that right is associated with data processing on the basis of Article 6 paragraph 1 under e and f GDPR. The appeal of [petitioners] et al. To these rights is therefore not valid, so that it can be left open whether, as [petitioners] et al argue, in that case a different weighing of interests should take place than the weighing of interests discussed below.<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p><div class="parablock"><p><span class="emphasis" style="font-style:italic;">General considerations of interests</span><br /> 4.7 The protection of natural persons when processing personal data is a fundamental right, as is clear from consideration 1 of the GDPR. The fundamental right to the protection of personal data is further enshrined in Article 10 of the Constitution and in Article 8 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. It is also protected as part of private life in Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and Article 17 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).</p></div></div><div class="paragroup"> <span class="nr">4.8</span><p> Article 5 (1) (c) of the GDPR provides that the processing of personal data must be adequate, relevant and limited to what is necessary for the purposes for which they are processed (see also recital 39 of the preamble to the GDPR). Personal data may only be processed if the purpose of the processing cannot reasonably be achieved in another way.<br /> In addition, recital 47 of the preamble to the GDPR states that the legitimate interests of a controller or of a third party may provide a legal basis for processing, provided that the interests or fundamental rights and freedoms of the data subject do not override, taking into account the reasonable expectations of the data subject based on his relationship with the controller. A careful assessment is required to determine whether there is a legitimate interest, as well as to determine whether a data subject can reasonably expect at the time and in the context of the collection of the personal data that processing can take place for that purpose.</p></div><div class="paragroup"> <span class="nr">4.9</span><div class="parablock"><p> The foregoing means that even when the processing of personal data is based on a legal obligation (in this case the Wft), the task of performing that obligation does not justify every data processing. As was the case under the Personal Data Protection Act (Wbp), any processing of personal data must meet the requirements of proportionality and subsidiarity and, given the nature of the breach of privacy, a weighing of interests is required on a case-by-case basis.</p><p> In this regard, it should be borne in mind that the Supreme Court in its judgment of 9 September 2011 <a class="noteref" href="#_a3f76f90-4db9-4d5d-b7f3-b100f178ca19" title="ECLI: NL: HR: 2011: BQ8097 (Santander).">4</a> considered that the Wbp, then still in force, must be in accordance with the provisions of Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights. and that it follows from the legislative history of the Wbp that every data processing must comply with the principles of proportionality and subsidiarity. In the opinion of the Supreme Court, this means that the infringement of the interests of the data subject may not be disproportionate in relation to the purpose to be served with the processing, and that this purpose cannot reasonably affect another, less harmful to the data subject. , way can be realized.<br /> Because the GDPR is not intended to limit the rights of natural persons to the protection of their personal data (in relation to the Wbp), the aforementioned principles also apply to the processing of personal data under the GDPR.<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p></div></div><div class="paragroup"><span class="nr">4.10</span><p> Data processing that violates the aforementioned principles and in which the interests of the data subject must outweigh the interest to be served by the processing must therefore be regarded as unlawful. This balancing of interests involves an assessment of the purpose of the registrations of codes against the principles of proportionality and subsidiarity. In the context of this assessment, the interest of the data subject in the removal of the codes is weighed against the underlying importance of the (enforcement) of the codes.<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p><div class="parablock"><p><span class="emphasis" style="font-style:italic;">Balancing of interests in this case</span><br /> 4.11 The Court of Appeal states first of all that on behalf of [Applicants] et al. During the oral hearing it was argued on appeal that although they are hindered by the registration, they are not in a distressing situation as a result of the registration <a class="noteref" href="#_0c20a399-e42d-47ed-b1b0-ba883a962e20" title="Pleading note mr. K.J. Summer No. 11.">5</a> . If the registration in the CKI can (also) be based on Article 6 paragraph 1 under c of the AGV, a weighing up of interests according to [Applicants] et al is by definition to their disadvantage, unless there is a distressing situation <a class="noteref" href="#_db5c7e3f-0063-4ab2-b91e-8faffacc1191" title="Pleading note mr. K.J. Summer No. 10.">6</a> . Be that as it may, and apart from whether [applicants] et al have thereby withdrawn their objections against the result of the weighing up of interests made by the court, the court of appeal is of the opinion that the interests of [applicants] et al. In the removal of the coding are not more important. weigh the interest of Rabobank in (enforcement of) the registration of the codes. The following is important here.</p></div><span class="linebreak1"> </span></div><div class="paragroup"><span class="nr">4.12</span><p> Credit providers are not allowed to grant credit to consumers if this is irresponsible due to excessive lending (cf. Section 4:34 paragraph 2 Wft). The information in the CKI provides the lender with information to estimate the risk of overfunding and the emergence (or exacerbation) of irresponsible debt situations. By extension, BKR contributes to limiting the financial risks associated with lending for its business members by informing these lenders about relevant details that have occurred in the recent past. Payment arrears or other irregularities that arise during the term of a loan are indicated in the CKI with a special code. If the claim has been paid, an end date is noted with the contract and a period of five years starts, after which the special feature code is removed.<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p></div><div class="paragroup"><span class="nr">4.13</span><p> In view of this objective of the CKI system, the registration of the special codes concerning [applicants] et al is in principle proportional. After all, [applicants] et al have had (substantial) debts in the past. In principle, the registration is also in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity, since there is no other way for lenders to become acquainted with the financial past of [applicants] et al. Other than by consulting the CKI.<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p></div><div class="paragroup"><span class="nr">4.14</span><p> In view of this objective of the CKI system, the interest in continuation of BKR registrations is in principle also given. After all, removing or adjusting the BKR registrations would result in an incorrect representation in the CKI of the payment transactions of [Applicants] et al. And its history and thus undermine the aim of BKR.<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p></div><div class="paragroup"><span class="nr">4.15</span><p> The words “in principle” were used three times for this. [Applicants] et al. have argued that the risk of over-lending and the emergence of problematic debts, and thus the existence of a credit risk, is highly abstract for them. They pointed out that through no fault of their own - as a result of the unexpected dismissal of [the applicant] and the subsequent long-term unemployment - they were in a situation where they could no longer pay off their debts. In that regard, they also pointed out that they felt that Aegon's unfriendly attitude led to their home being sold with a substantial residual debt. It is extremely unlikely that this situation will recur. They currently have a good and stable income and no debts, according to [applicants] et al<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p></div><div class="paragroup"><span class="nr">4.16</span><p> The court of appeal does not follow [petitioners] et al in this argument. From what has been established above about the income of [Applicants] et al. In the period that (among other things) the debt arose with Rabobank, it follows that [Applicants] et al., Despite the then determined generous income of [Applicant], entered into substantial debts and had not built up any (substantial) reserves. A good income apparently did not protect them from the emergence of a dire financial situation and that situation did not arise (and certainly not entirely) out of their control. Under those circumstances, the risk of over-lending and the emergence of problematic debts on the part of [Applicants] et al. With a good income is not just an abstraction, but a risk that was realized in the past and thus a sufficiently concrete risk.<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p></div><div class="paragroup"><span class="nr">4.17</span><p> Moreover, [Applicants] et al. Have insufficiently demonstrated that they did everything in their power to settle their debts. It follows from the state of affairs regarding the debt settlement that [applicant] took early retirement shortly after the debt settlement became definitive and then received an income that is significantly higher than the income at (summarized) assistance level assumed in the debt settlement. The Court of Appeal does not find the statement of [applicants] et al for this, at first sight strange, concurrence of circumstances satisfactory. [Applicant] states that he was given the idea by Aegon to take early retirement. Without further explanation, which is missing, it cannot be seen why, when it became clear to him that he would take early retirement, he did not revise the offer to his creditors, including Rabobank. In this context it is important that [applicants] et al borrowed part of the amount with which the creditors were paid from their son (and therefore did not receive it as a gift) and that they (indeed) have more than half of the debt to him. refunded.<br /> 4.18 In view of what has been considered above, the interest in continuing the credit registrations of [Applicants] et al. Is given. Removing or adjusting these registrations would result in an incorrect representation in the CKI of the granting of loans and the settlement thereof and thus undermine the (future-oriented) purpose of the registration.<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p></div><div class="paragroup"><span class="nr">4.19</span><p> The interest of [applicants] et al. Does not outweigh this interest. As has already been argued on behalf of [applicants] et al, the registration does not lead to a distressing situation for them. [Applicants] et al. have made it sufficiently plausible that they cannot realize their wish to buy a house through registration and that it is also difficult for them to rent a house in the free sector. On the other hand, [applicants] et al are currently renting a house. That the house does not fully meet their wishes will be the case, but on the other hand, the rent for the house is relatively low. The lease will end on 8 June 2023. At that time, the registration period has not yet ended, but Rabobank has indicated, and reiterated on the occasion of the oral hearing on appeal, that if towards the end of the lease period it should appear that the registration [applicants ] et al. still prevents them from finding another place to live, they will consider a request to terminate the registration in sympathetic consideration.<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p></div><div class="paragroup"><span class="nr">4.20</span><p> The court of appeal does not follow [petitioners] et al. In the argument that due to the way in which credit registration is used, the system of credit registration - as the court understands: at [petitioners] et al. - acquires a punitive character. It may be the case that [applicants] et al feel punished by the registration. The court will also not be able to take away that feeling. From what the Court of Appeal has considered above, it appears that the registration is not intended to punish [applicants] et al, but to protect them against excessive lending and, by extension, any lenders against the risk they run as a result.<br /> <span class="emphasis" style="font-style:italic;">Decision based on article 34 UAVG</span><br /> 4.21 According to [Applicants] et al. Rabobank's response to the request made on behalf of [Applicants] et al. (Cf. para. 3.13) does not meet the criteria of the GDPR. [Applicants] et al refer in that regard to Articles 34 and 35 UAVG. The court of appeal does not follow [petitioners] et al.<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p></div><div class="paragroup"><span class="nr">4.22</span><p> The request is first of all based on the rectification right laid down in Article 16 GDPR. In the aforementioned request, [Applicants] et al. have not made it clear that the information registered about them is incorrect. In point 3 of their appeal they explicitly stated that "the correctness of the placed coding is not in question at all." As considered above, the right to data erasure (Article 17 GDPR) and the right to object (Article 21 GDPR) are not relevant in view of the basis of data processing. This means that Rabobank could suffice with weighing up interests. Rabobank also weighed up the interests, as shown in its response to the request of 1 October 2019. The court of appeal does not follow [petitioners] et al in the argument that the weighing of interests is not based on an investigation of the facts. The letter shows that Rabobank has investigated, among other things, the origin of the debts and the residential interest alleged by [petitioners] et al.<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p></div><div class="paragroup"><span class="nr">4.23</span><p> The conclusion is that the rejection by Rabobank of the request made on behalf of [Applicants] et al. Can withstand the test of criticism in terms of both content and motivation.<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p><div class="parablock"><p><span class="emphasis" style="font-style:italic;">Preliminary questions</span><br /> 4.24 [Applicants] et al have requested the Court of Appeal to submit preliminary questions to the Supreme Court. Rabobank has objected to questions being referred for a preliminary ruling. The court will not ask questions for a preliminary ruling. From what has been considered above, it follows that the Court of Appeal has already answered the legal questions that are important for the decision of the dispute between the parties (largely with reference to earlier rulings of this Court of Appeal and of the Den Bosch Court of Appeal). [Applicants] et al are of course free to appeal against the decision of the court of appeal. Contrary to what is the case according to [applicants] et al in comparable disputes about credit registrations, the credit registration of [applicants] et al will end in more than two years after this decision. Contrary to what is often the case in comparable disputes, [applicants] et al have an interest in lodging an appeal in cassation.<br /> <span class="emphasis" style="font-style:italic;">Provisional provision</span><br /> 4.25 Because the Court of Appeal will not ask questions for a preliminary ruling and will immediately give a final decision, [Applicants] et al have no interest in the requested provisional request. The court will therefore reject that request.<br /> <span class="emphasis" style="font-style:italic;">Conclusion and costs order</span><br /> 4.26 The complaints of [Applicants] et al. Fail. The request of [applicants] et al cannot be allowed on appeal either. The court order can therefore be validated.</p></div><span class="linebreak1"> </span></div><div class="paragroup"><span class="nr">4.27</span><p> The court will order [applicants] et al. To pay the costs of the appeal (liquidated salary of the lawyer: 2 points, rate II - the court will not award a separate compensation for the provisional request because it is not plausible for the defense against that request. additional costs have been incurred).<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p></div><div class="paragroup"><span class="nr">4.28</span><div class="parablock"><p> The Court of Appeal notes that, contrary to the Court of Appeal of Den Bosch, it considered and decided ex officio in the aforementioned decision, it sees no reason to omit a court order for costs. In this context, the Den Bosch court refers to the judgment of the European Court of Justice (CJEU) of 27 September 2017 (Puškár) <a class="noteref" href="#_52b934d9-5f6b-4152-a2d0-f89146f9ec23" title="CJEU 27 September 2017, ECLI: EU: C: 2017: 725.">7</a> . In that judgment, the CJEU considered, among other things:<br /> <span class="emphasis" style="font-style:italic;">In view of all the foregoing, the answer to the first question referred must be that</span></p><p> <span class="emphasis" style="font-style:italic;">Article 47 of the Charter must be interpreted as not precluding</span></p><p> <span class="emphasis" style="font-style:italic;">national legal provisions under which a person who claims that his right to protection of personal data, as guaranteed by Directive 95/46, has been violated, can only bring a legal remedy after he has first exhausted the available administrative means of redress, provided that the specific manner in which legal remedies, does not disproportionately affect the right to an effective remedy referred to in that provision. In particular, prior exhaustion of the available administrative means of redress should not significantly delay the bringing of legal proceedings, suspend the limitation period of the rights concerned and should not entail excessive costs</span> . ”</p></div><span class="linebreak1"> </span></div><div class="paragroup"><span class="nr">4.29</span><p> It follows from recital 9 of the preamble to the GDPR that the objectives and principles of Directive 95/46 / EU, the predecessor of the GDPR, remain intact. The Puškár judgment of the CJEU is therefore important under the applicability of the GDPR, also because the CJEU bases its decision on Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (hereinafter: the Charter) in relation to Article 22 of Directive 95/46 / EU. The latter provision has been replaced by Article 79 (1) GDPR, the content of which - although the wording slightly differs - corresponds to Article 22 of Directive 95/46 / EC. Pursuant to Article 79 GDPR, the data subject has the right to bring an effective judicial remedy if he believes that his rights under the GDPR have been violated.<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p></div><div class="paragroup"><span class="nr">4.30</span><p> According to the CJEU in Puškár, no <span class="emphasis" style="font-style:italic;">excessive costs may</span> be associated with an administrative appeal that precedes legal proceedings. In this judgment, the CJEU has not ruled on a court order in civil proceedings between a data subject and a private processor. The latter can be a large institution such as, in this case, a bank. Or it could be a small retailer with a customer base, a non-profit organization or the local sports club. At the most, it can be deduced from this judgment that even a civil procedure may not entail excessive costs for the person concerned.<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p></div><div class="paragroup"><span class="nr">4.31</span><p> It is customary in civil proceedings to determine the amount of legal costs based on the liquidation rate. In cases like this, as the Court of Appeal does, this will almost always be based on rate II (based on a claim or request of undetermined value). Under these circumstances, in which the CJEU does not deem charging costs (in an administrative judicial process) to be inadmissible, provided that no excessive costs are involved, the Court sees no reason to deviate in legal proceedings from the usual system of court costs orders . The court takes into account that not only the data subject but also the private processor - not necessarily a wealthy entity - must incur costs for conducting proceedings. In the opinion of the court of appeal, the risk of this (moderate) order for costs does not preclude the right to an effective legal remedy guaranteed by Article 79 of the GDPR.<span class="linebreak1"> </span></p></div></div><div class="section beslissing"><h2><span class="nr">5</span><br /> 5 The decision</h2><span class="linebreak1"> </span><div class="parablock"><p>The court:</p></div><span class="linebreak1"> </span><div class="parablock"><p>confirms the order of the Northern Netherlands District Court of 19 February 2020;</p></div><span class="linebreak1"> </span><div class="parablock"><p>rejects the request to make a provisional provision;</p></div><span class="linebreak1"> </span><div class="parablock"><p>orders [Applicants] et al. to pay the legal costs of the appeal and estimates these costs, insofar as they have so far been on the part of Rabobank, at € 760 in disbursements and € 2,148 for liquidated salary of the lawyer;</p></div><span class="linebreak1"> </span><div class="parablock"><p>declares this legal costs order to be enforceable in stock.</p></div><span class="linebreak1"> </span><div class="parablock"><p><br />This decision was given by mrs. H. de Hek, SB Boorsma and WF Boele and was pronounced in public on December 17, 2020 by the councilor, in the presence of the registrar.</p></div><span class="linebreak4"> </span></div><div class="footnotes"><p><span class="footnote" id="ID0ECAAE"><span class="note"><a name="_1b50e1b2-acc4-4d39-855a-fee1a2349378">1</a></span> <span>Arnhem-Leeuwarden Court 3 December 2019, ECLI: NL: GHARL: 2019: 10345.</span></span></p><p> <span class="footnote" id="ID0EJAAE"><span class="note"><a name="_97c17f6f-9357-4e8d-9afb-2143bdf66262">2</a></span> <span>Hof Den Bosch 6 August 2020, ECLI: NL: GHSHE: 2020: 2536.</span></span></p><p> <span class="footnote" id="ID0EQAAE"><span class="note"><a name="_aafb3a8a-54e2-46dd-a656-8b56e4258d52">3</a></span> <span>Court of The Hague 8 September 2020, ECLI: NL: GHDHA: 2020: 1569.</span></span></p><p> <span class="footnote" id="ID0EXAAE"><span class="note"><a name="_a3f76f90-4db9-4d5d-b7f3-b100f178ca19">4</a></span> <span>ECLI: NL: HR: 2011: BQ8097 (Santander).</span></span></p><p> <span class="footnote" id="ID0E5AAE"><span class="note"><a name="_0c20a399-e42d-47ed-b1b0-ba883a962e20">5</a></span> <span>Pleading memorandum mr. KJ Zomer nr. 11.</span></span></p><p> <span class="footnote" id="ID0EFBAE"><span class="note"><a name="_db5c7e3f-0063-4ab2-b91e-8faffacc1191">6</a></span> <span>Pleading memorandum mr. 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load: function () {
$.ajax(
{
url: this.url,
method: "GET",
dataType: "xml",
global: false,
success: this.onSuccess,
error: this.onError
}
);
},
onSuccess: function (data) {
var htmlTop = "";
var htmlBottom = "";
var publishingPagecontent = data.getElementsByTagNameNS("*", "PublishingPageContent")
for (var i = 0; i < publishingPagecontent.length; i++) {
htmlTop += publishingPagecontent[i].textContent;
}
var publishingMiddleContent = data.getElementsByTagNameNS("*", "Rnl_PageMiddleContent")
for (var i = 0; i < publishingMiddleContent.length; i++) {
htmlBottom += publishingMiddleContent[i].textContent;
}
htmlTop = htmlTop.replace(/href=\"\//gi, "href=\"" + window.rootWebAddress + "/");
htmlBottom = htmlBottom.replace(/href=\"\//gi, "href=\"" + window.rootWebAddress + "/");
$("#contentZoneTop").html(htmlTop);
$("#contentZoneBottom").html(htmlBottom);
},
onError: function (request, status, error) {
console.error(error);
}
};
contentLoader.url = window.uitspraakContentPage;
contentLoader.load();
})();
</script></body></html>
